问:「孔门言志,由、求任政事,公西赤任礼乐,多少实用。及曾晳说来,却似耍的事,圣人却许他,是意何如?」
曰:「三子是有意必,有意必便偏著一边,能此未必能彼。曾点这意思却无意必,便是『素其位而行,不愿乎其外,素夷狄行乎夷狄,素患难行乎患难,无入而不自得』矣。三子所谓『汝器也』,曾点便有『不器』意。然三子之才,各卓然成章,非若世之空言无实者,故夫子亦皆许之。」
有人问:「孔门弟子言志,子路、冉求担任政事,公西赤担任礼乐,多么实用。到曾点说起来,却像是玩耍的事,圣人却赞许他,这是什么意思?」
先生说:「那三位是有意必之心,有意必便偏在一边,能这样未必能那样。曾点的意思却无意必,便是『安于本位而行事,不慕本位之外的东西,处在夷狄便行夷狄之事,处在患难便行患难之事,无论到哪里都自得其乐』了。三位是所谓『你是一件器皿』,曾点便有『不器』的意思。然而三子的才干各自卓然有成,不像世上空言无实的人,所以孔子也都赞许了他们。」
Someone asked: "When Confucius's disciples declared their aims, Zilu and Ran Qiu undertook government, Gongxi Chao rites and music — how practical. Zeng Dian's answer seemed like idle play, yet the sage approved him. What is the meaning?"
The Master said: "Those three held fixed intentions and expectations; holding these, one leans to one side — able in this, perhaps not in that. Zeng Dian's mind was free of them: 'doing what is proper to one's station, not craving what lies beyond it; among barbarians doing as barbarians do, in hardship doing as hardship demands — finding contentment wherever one goes.' The three were each 'a vessel' of one use; Zeng Dian had the sense of 'not being a mere vessel'. Yet the talents of the three were each brilliantly formed, unlike the world's empty talkers without substance — hence the Master approved them all."